What is the function of CCL19?

CCL19 and CCR7 Expression, Signaling Pathways, and Adjuvant Functions in Viral Infection and Prevention. Chemokine (C–C motif) ligand 19 (CCL19) is a critical regulator of the induction of T cell activation, immune tolerance, and inflammatory responses during continuous immune surveillance, homeostasis, and development …

What produces CCL19?

CCL19 is produced primarily by stromal cells in the thymus and by the T cell area of secondary lymphoid tissues (1, 6).

What do CCL19 and CCL21 do?

CCL19 and CCL21 provide this function for naive T cells and a subset of memory T cells that surveys secondary lymphoid tissues for recall antigens. Both of these chemokines trigger rapid integrin-mediated arrest of lymphocytes under flow conditions, emphasizing their importance in migration from the microvasculature.

Where is CCL19 expressed?

CCL19 is expressed abundantly in thymus and lymph nodes, with moderate levels in trachea and colon and low levels in stomach, small intestine, lung, kidney and spleen. The gene for CCL19 is located on human chromosome 9.

What do CCL19 and ccl29 CCR7 accomplish?

CCL19/CCL21 and CCR7 are well-known to be essential for fulfilling the important role of recruiting T cells into the lung and other peripheral specialized microenvironments within tissues (important pathogen entry sites).

What cell types express CCR2?

CCR2 has been found to be expressed by multiple cell types including monocytes, dendritic cells (DCs), endothelial cells, and cancer cells [51,52,53,54]. CCL2 functions through binding to CCR2, one of 19 members of the human chemokine receptor family [55].

What is Ly6C?

Ly6C is a marker of macrophage subsets and support a model of selective recruitment of Ly6C(high) bone marrow monocytes to the kidney that differentiate into three populations of kidney macrophages, including a profibrotic Ly6C(low) population.

Who has the CCR5 gene?

Human CC-type chemokine receptor 5 (CCR5) is a member of the G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) family and is found predominantly on the cell surface of certain leukocytes, e.g. T cells, monocytes and macrophages [1].

What does the CCR5 gene do?

CCR5 usually codes for a receptor on the surface of white blood cells, and it plays a role in normal immune responses. HIV co-opts CCR5 as a way to get into white blood cells. So to block HIV is, ironically, also to eliminate a small piece of the normal immune system.

Do neutrophils express CCR2?

CCR2 is highly expressed in neutrophils and plays a pivotal role in all major steps during the entry of neutrophils into peripheral tissues, including egress from the bone marrow into peripheral blood, movement from the blood into peripheral tissues, and recruitment to the inflammatory sites [37,38].

Where is the gene for CCL19 located?

The gene for CCL19 is located on human chromosome 9. This chemokine elicits its effects on its target cells by binding to the chemokine receptor chemokine receptor CCR7.

What does CCL19 mean?

CCL19 (C-C Motif Chemokine Ligand 19) is a Protein Coding gene. Diseases associated with CCL19 include Polyradiculoneuropathy and B-Lymphoblastic Leukemia/Lymphoma .

Is CCL19 a critical gene in the pathogenesis of Down syndrome?

Overall, these data reveal that CCL19 is a potential critical gene in the pathogenesis of DN. The GEO portal was used to obtain gene expression datasets from human tubules of DN patients and healthy controls.

Does CCL19 bind to the chemokine receptor?

Moreover, CCL19 can specifically bind to the chemokine receptor CCR7, which is expressed in semimature and mature dendritic cells (DCs), primary B cells and T cells ( Comerford et al., 2013; Baran et al., 2019 ).