What is raw mix in cement?

Using these materials, typical rawmixes could be composed: Mix 1: General-purpose cement: 88.0% gray limestone, 8.9% clay, 2.2% sand and 0.9% millscale. Mix 2: Sulfate-resisting cement: 87.6% gray limestone, 5.2% clay, 5.0% sand and 2.2% millscale.

What is the composition of clinker cement?

It contains 76% alite, 15% belite, 7% tricalcium aluminate, no tetracalcium aluminoferrite, and 2% free lime, but the composition may vary widely. White clinker produces white cement which is used for aesthetic purposes in construction.

What is clinker cement ratio?

The world average clinker/cement ratio is about 0.81, with the balance comprising gypsum and additives such as blast furnace slag, fly ash, and natural pozzolana.

Is clinker a raw material for cement?

Clinker is primarily used to produce cement. Since it can be stored in dry condition for several months without noticeable deterioration, it is traded internationally in large amounts. Cement manufacturers buy clinker for their cement plants in areas where raw materials for cement are scarce or unavailable.

What is clinker factor?

Clinker factor The percentage of clinker in cement (according to the WBCSD-CSI Cement CO2 and Energy Protocol).

How do you calculate clinker factor from raw food?

Raw meal to clinker factor = 100 – ash absorbtion 100 – LOI Ash absorbtion = % of ash in fuel x specific fuel consumption Specific fuel consumption = kg coal kg clinker = Specific heat consumption NCV of coal Note: LOI assumed to be negligible in clinker.

Why is gypsum added to clinker?

Gypsum is added to control the “setting of cement”. If not added, the cement will set immediately after mixing of water leaving no time for concrete placing. Hence, Gypsum is added to the cement clinker to decrease the rate of setting of cement.

What is the clinker factor?

How do you reduce clinker ratio?

Reducing the Clinker Factor by partially substituting the clinker used in the composite cement production process with materials that have binding properties (also known as mineral components).

What is Loi in clinker?

The loss on ignition of a raw material, cement or a clinker sample is the amount of weight lost through raising the temperature of the material to a predetermined level. As an indicator it can be used to monitor and improve the quality of the final product.

How do you calculate clinker weight?

Cement, clinker weighs 1.415 gram per cubic centimeter or 1 415 kilogram per cubic meter, i.e. density of cement, clinker is equal to 1 415 kg/m³. In Imperial or US customary measurement system, the density is equal to 88.3356 pound per cubic foot [lb/ft³], or 0.81792 ounce per cubic inch [oz/inch³] .

What percentage of gypsum should be added to the cement clinker?

3–5 wt%
Introduction The cement manufacturing industry is the major consumer of gypsum, which is added to the clinker in a percentage of 3–5 wt% [1], [2], [3].

What is lime saturation factor?

Lime Saturation Factor (LSF) The Lime Saturation Factor is a ratio of CaO to the other three main oxides. Applied to clinker, it is calculated as: LSF=CaO/(2.8SiO2 + 1.2Al2O3 + 0.65Fe2O3) Often, this is referred to as a percentage and therefore multiplied by 100. LSF to be maintained in limestone 102-104.

What is the density of clinker?

A clinker of density approximately 1100 g/ltr is of normal quality, but below than that is not considered a good quality clinker, and if it is above 1300 g/ltr it can be over burned or over fueled.

Why do we mix gypsum with cement clinker?

Gypsum is called the retarding agent of cement which is mainly used for regulating the setting time of cement and is an indispensable component. Without gypsum, cement clinker can condense immediately by mixing with water and release heat.